| 1 |
JEWELRY |
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| 2 |
Silver Soldering |
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Cadmium extremely toxic; Antimony highly toxic; flux fumes highly toxic |
Silver particles cause blue-black stain |
Carcinogenic; thermal burns; infrared radiation; flammable; acids corrosive |
Don't use cadmium, avoid antimony; use borax fluxes, instead of fluoride; wear respirator, gloves, goggles w/#4 shade; use ventilation; use Sparex; don't use asbestos; if acid splashes, rinse off |
| 3 |
Soldering |
Lead highly toxic, Antimony highly toxic |
Lead highly toxic; Antimony highly toxic; flux fumes moderately irritating |
Zinc chloride corrosive; flux fumes irritating to eyes |
Hot metal can cause thermal burns |
Use lead- and antimony-free solders; avoid zinc chloride and rosin fluxes; use respirator, ventilation; avoid contact w/hot soldering iron |
| 4 |
Lost Wax Casting |
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Silica highly toxic; cuttlebone dust irritating |
Sodium silicate moderately toxic |
Molten metal can splash and burn |
Use nonsilica plaster; do mixing of silica in glove box; wear respirator, gloves, goggles; wet mop dust; clean cuttlebone; wet sand; make sure centrifugal casting equipment is balanced, w/protective shield |
| 5 |
Electroplating |
Cyanide salts extremely toxic |
Cyanide salts highly toxic |
Cyanide salts highly toxic; gold salts can cause allergic reactions |
Acid added to cyanide forms hydrogen cyanide (extremely toxic); risk of shock |
Avoid cyanide plating solution; send piece out to be plated; use cyanide solution in laboratory hood only; keep antidote kit available; if poisoning occurs, give amyl nitrite; don't touch wires; don't pour cyanide in sink |
| 6 |
Annealing, Cleaning, Polishing,& Finishing |
Cyanide extremely toxic |
Cyanide extremely toxic |
Cyanide extremely toxic |
Sodium & Potassium cyanide extremely toxic |
Avoid cyanide plating solution; use cyanide solution in lab hood only; keep antidote kit available; if poisoning occurs, give amyl nitrite; don't pour cyanide down sink |
| 7 |
ENAMELING |
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| 8 |
Cleaning the Metal Surface |
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Kiln/torch fumes haz.; nitrogen dioxide gas highly toxic |
Sulfuric, nitric acids highly corrosive; diluted acids, Sparex irritating |
Kilns/torches can cause thermal burns |
Wear welder's gloves, long-sleeve cotton shirts, splash goggles, protect. apron; use tongs; kiln should have canopy hood; avoid fire; if acid spills, rinse w/water; use ventilation; neutralize acid w/baking soda |
| 9 |
Preparing Enamels |
Lead highly toxic |
Lead highly toxic |
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Lead-safe doesn't mean it doesn't contain lead |
Use lead-free, ready-made enamels; place sifters on top of each other to minimize dust; sift in glove box; wear respirator, gloves; don't eat, smoke, drink in studio; wash hands after working |
| 10 |
Applying Enamels |
Turpentine moderately toxic |
Gum tragacanth irritating, enamel dust highly toxic; turpenine moderately toxic |
Enamel dust irritating; turpentine moderately toxic; potash corrosive |
Contact w/ferric chloride or nitric acid haz. to skin & eyes |
Brush/dip enamels instead of dusting/spraying; spray in spray booth; use respirator; wear gloves; avoid accidental ingestion; prevent fire; use ferric chloride instead of nitric acid; don't heat ferric chloride |
| 11 |
Firing Enamels |
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Metals, fluorides emitted are haz. |
Hot kilns emit infrared radiation, causing cataracts |
Hot enamel can cause thermal burns |
All enameling kilns should be vented; wear welder's gloves, long-sleeve cotton shirts; use tongs; use goggles w/shade number of 1.8 to 3 |
| 12 |
Finishing Enamels |
Hydrofluoric acid extremely toxic; ammonium bifluoride highly toxic |
Particles haz.; hydrofluoric acid highly corrosive |
Hydrofluoric acid highly toxic; ammonium bifluoride highly toxic |
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Do wet grinding; wear protect. goggles, gloves, face shield; don't use hydrofluoric acid; use ammonium bifluoride pastes instead; use hydrofluoric acid in lab hood only; treat hydrofluoric acid as haz. Waste |
| 13 |
Hazards of Finished Enamels |
Metals soluble in stomach acid |
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Enameled pieces should never be used for holding food or drink because of the risk of toxic metals leaching into food or liquid |
