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TEXT Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence. (Schaffer, David R. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, 1999)
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
An introductory course covering the principles of human development (preschool through young adult) with an emphasis on topics of particular pertinence to those preparing for careers in teaching. Course content will include research theories, stages, variants, and potential problems in the areas of physical, social, emotional, and cognitive development. Additional health issues and the effects of culture on human learning are explored. This course provides a foundational knowledge/inquiry/experiential base for the pre-professional educator in the Teacher as Decision Maker conceptual model of the College of Saint Benedict / Saint John’s University Education Department.
INTENDED COURSE OUTCOMES:
This course is designed to support the pre-service teacher in addressing the standards created by the Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC) and adopted by the Minnesota Board of Teaching as the Standards of Effective Practice for the licensing of beginning teachers. The pre-service teacher is supported by relating these standards to the continued development of his/her knowledge-base as well as specific teaching performance skills in the following intended course outcomes:
1. Subject Matter (Standard 1)
The teacher understands the central concepts, tools of inquiry, and structures of human development. (Teacher as Decision Maker: 1.A)
2. Student Learning (Standard 2)
The teacher understands how children and youth learn and develop, and can provide learning opportunities that support their intellectual, social, and personal development. (Teacher as Decision Maker: 1.B)
3. Diverse Learners (Standard 3)
The teacher understands how students differ in their approaches to learning and creates instructional opportunities that are appropriately adapted to learners from diverse cultural backgrounds and with exceptionalities. (Teacher as Decision Maker: 3.A)
4. Instructional Strategies (Standard 4)
The teacher understands and uses a variety of instructional strategies to develop students’ skills in critical thinking, problem solving, and performance. (Teacher as Decision Maker: 3.B)
5. Learning Environment (Standard 5)
The teacher uses an understanding of individual and group motivation and behavior to create a learning environment that encourages positive social interaction, active engagement in learning, and self-motivation. (Teacher as Decision Maker: 2.A)
6. Communication (Standard 6)
The teacher uses knowledge of effective verbal, nonverbal, and media communication techniques to foster active inquiry, collaboration, and supportive interaction in the classroom. (Teacher as Decision Maker: 2.B)
7. Reflection and Professional Development (Standard 9)
The teacher is a reflective practitioner who continually evaluates the effects of her/his choices and actions on others (students, parents, and other professionals in the learning community) and who actively seeks out opportunities to grow professionally. (Teacher as Decision Maker: 4.A)
8. Collaboration, Ethics, and Relationships (Standard 10)
The teacher communicates and interacts with parents/guardians, families, school colleagues, and the community to support student learning and well-being. (Teacher as Decision Maker: 4.B)
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
1. Knows constructs of key developmental theories (Standards of Effective Practice: 1 & 6)
1.1 Describes major developmental constructs
1.2 Identifies major tasks, milestones, characteristics, and issues of each developmental stage
1.3 Relates theorists with their developmental constructs
1.4 Uses appropriate developmental vocabulary when speaking and writing about developmental issues and concerns
2.1 Explains the complexity of factors (including risks and protectives) that may influence development
2.2 Gives examples of challenges/difficulties that may confront individuals at various stages of development
2.3 Predicts likely responses of individuals at given developmental stages to various stimuli
3. Applies developmental principles to educational concerns (Standards of Effective Practice: 2, 3, 4, & 5)
3.1 Recognizes typical and atypical variations in developmental process
3.2 Describes developmentally appropriate environments for people at various stages of their lives
3.3 Recognizes instructional implications of developmental issues
4. Analyzes the role of developmental issues in case studies (Standards of Effective Practice: 2, 4, 5, 6, & 7)
4.1 Recognizes stressors affecting development
4.2 Identifies developmental concerns for educators
5. Relates developmental issues to service-learning (Standards of Effective Practice: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, & 10)
5.1 Describes client needs/desires/motivations in relation to developmental principles
5.2 Proposes strategies related to the knowledge-base of research on human development for addressing client-service issues
6. Evaluates research on human development (Standards of Effective Practice: 1 & 9)
6.1 Critiques methodology of research on human development
6.2 Interprets the usefulness of research on human development
7. Appreciates variations in cultural and family contexts which relate to developmental processes (Standards of Effective Practice: 3, 9, & 10)
7.1 Recognizes diversity in values and goals present in family and cultural systems which support human growth and development
7.2 Values cultural and family diversity in supporting human growth and development
7.3 Adheres to accepted ethical standards in respecting cultural and family differences
8. Demonstrates commitment to promoting healthy human development through a systems approach (Standards of Effective Practice: 6, 9, & 10)
8.1 Cooperates with colleagues in learning activities addressing human development issues
8.2 Shares concerns about issues relating to healthy human development with the class
8.3 Proposes courses of action to concerns that are likely to lead to improvement in healthy human development
8.4 Promotes effective service systems to support human growth and development
8.5 Models and advocates ethical behavior among human service providers
REQUIREMENTS:
A. CLASS PARTICIPATION AND ATTENDANCE: Student learning related to the course objectives is maximized through reflection upon the healthy interaction that takes place among course participants. In order to facilitate such interaction, students are expected to be in class on time and for as well as engaged in thoughtful discussion. Absence from class will affect a student’s course grade. (Course Objectives: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
B. ASSIGNED READING: The assigned readings are designed to serve as a foundation for class discussion and activities. Additional required readings may be assigned throughout the semester as the need and/or interest arises. Readings are to be completed before the beginning of class on the days for which they are assigned. (Course Objectives: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
C. COMMENTARY POSTINGS: Upon completion of each designated reading assignment, students will use the Exchange Public Folders to discuss one "noteworthy" idea from that reading for the rest of the class. This discussion can be an analysis of an issue or idea presented in the reading, or it can be a critique, extension, or application of the issue or idea. Students are encouraged to respond or react to comments by classmates, but must include new information and not simply reiterate what has already been said. Each student is to post his/her commentary in the Exchange Public Folder by midnight before the class in which the designated reading is due. (Course Objectives: 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8)
D. DEVELOPMENTAL ISSUE ANALYSIS PAPER/PRESENTATION: Students, working alone or in pairs, are to write a research paper on an issue related to child and/or adolescent development and make a 20-30 minute presentation of their findings to the class. The issue should be chosen from among the topics covered in this course, although the instructor will consider other proposals. A topic proposal must be posted in the appropriate Public Folder before September 9, 1999. After the proposal is approved by the instructor, a preliminary bibliography of at least five references is to be to posted in the topic proposal file of the Public Folder before September 17, 1999. An outline the research paper is then to be posted in the same file by September 27, 1999.
As a formal paper, it is to be about 6-10 pages typewritten, double-spaced; it is to use Times New Roman 12 point font, and is to be documented with footnote and bibliographic references according to APA, MLA, or another standard style. Two copies of a "review draft" of the paper are to be brought to class by each student on October 1, 1999. These will be reviewed by peers and returned on October 7, 1999 A single final draft of the paper as well as all review documents are due on October 14, 1999. The final draft of the paper must also be posted in Public Folders To do this, you will need to have the paper typed on a networked word processing program (i.e., "Word" or "WordPerfect").
The purpose of the class presentation is to educate the class about key findings on the issue and the implications for educators. Students are encouraged to creatively engage the class in dealing with the issue. Effective use of teaching aids, multi-media presentations, simulations, role-playing, and class discussion are some ways to "creatively engage" the class in the issue. This presentation is not intended to be a report that merely summarizes the paper. Rather, it is intended to teach members of the class what they, as future educators, ought to know and be able to do about the issue in order to best help kids. The class presentation must include the use of PowerPoint technology and the production of at least one color overhead transparency. (Course Objectives: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8)
E. SERVICE-LEARNING PROJECT: Each student will engage in a service-learning project through an agency that services at-risk children and/or adolescents (e.g., a school, religious education program, Boys Club/Girls Club, Boy Scouts/Girl Scouts, YMCA, Big Brother/Big Sister, etc.). The purpose of this project is for students to integrate theory and practice about child and/or adolescent development in service-learning. The project can be coordinated through the Service-Learning Coordinator, VISTO, or through individual arrangement with a service agency. (Note: Some agencies require a criminal background check of all employee and volunteer applicants.)The student is to complete 20 or more hours of direct service to children/youth through the agency carried out within at least 7 contact times over 7 weeks within the current semester. Projects with less than 15 hours of service completed and documented may not be considered acceptable.
The service-learning project can be designed in any way that is acceptable to both the student and service agency as long as it meets the intent of the assignment and minimum course requirements. Students must have the service-learning project approved by the instructor to assure that it meets the intent of the assignment and the minimum course requirements. Students must submit a proposal for their service-learning project by September 9, 1999.
Throughout the course of the project, students will maintain an electronic journal of their experiences and reflections regarding their service-learning project that will be posted each week in the appropriate public folder. The subject line on each posting will be the date and time of their service (e.g., 9/25: 3:30-4:30). The content of each journal posting should include a descriptive narrative of what happened as well as a reflection on the significance or a best interpretation of what happened. These journal postings will be reviewed each week by a staff person from the Service-Learning Office and/or the course instructor.
At the end of the semester, each student will submit a service-learning portfolio which documents highlights of the project. The portfolio must include an introduction or executive summary of the experience (i.e., a description of the project and why you chose it, and a review of highlight experiences), a synthesis of what you learned about child and/or adolescent through the experience; and an assessment of the implications this might have for you as a future educator. In addition, students are encouraged to include other documentation in the portfolio that will help to explain the experience. Such documentation might include: any written correspondence, photographs, artwork, mementos, etc. The service-learning portfolio is due at the time of the final examination on December 16/17, 1999. (Course Objectives: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8)
G. BONUS POINTS: Throughout the semester several unannounced quizzes will be given in class. These quizzes are for bonus points and will be taken by those students (and only those students) in class at the time the quiz is administered. Students will not be permitted to make-up or take quizzes at any other time. Students will earn 1 bonus point for any quiz on which they score 80% or better on individual quizzes, and 1 bonus point for any quiz on which they score 90% or better on cooperative quizzes. Any quiz on which a student scores less than the requisite score will not be counted toward the course grade.
GRADING SYSTEM:
Grades will be calculated using a point system. Point values are as follows:
10 points each: Class Attendance/Participation
Final Examination
2 points each: 2 Developmental Issue Reviews
15 points: Commentary Postings
16 points: Developmental Issue Paper
20 points: Developmental Issue Presentation
25 points: Service-Learning Portfolio
Note: The Developmental Issue Paper and Service-Learning Portfolio are due at the beginning of the period on the designated days. Any paper or portfolio submitted to the instructor late will earn negative "penalty points" based upon the length of time it is late: if it is turned in late on the day it is due will earn -1 point. If it is turned in the next calendar day after it is due will earn -2 points. An assignment turned in two calendar days after it is due will earn -3 points, etc.).
COURSE GRADES:
A = 92 - 100 points
AB = 88 - 91
B = 82 - 87
BC = 79 - 81
C = 72 - 78
CD = 69 - 71
D = 62 - 68
F = 0 - 61
INCOMPLETES: Please note that incompletes will NOT be given for this course EXCEPT for those instances in which students encounter very serious circumstances. If something serious does arise, you must contact the instructor to obtain WRITTEN APPROVAL and sign a written agreement delineating dates by which course requirements will be completed.
TENTATIVE SCHEDULE AND TOPICS:
Introduction
September 1 -What similarities and differences have we experienced in our own development?
Course Requirements and expectations; Read Course Syllabus & Assessment Criteria
September 3 -How can we successfully make it through this course?
Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies; Read Chapter 1, pp. 2-36
September 7 -Service-Learning Projects
Due: -Commentary posting for Chapter 1
September 9 -How do people’s beliefs about children affect their practices toward and treatment of them?
Due: -Service-Learning Proposal posted in Public Folder
September 13 -What should be considered in determining the significance of research for understanding child/adolescent development?
-How should ethical considerations influence learning about human development?
Due: -Posting of Developmental Issue Topic Proposal
Perspectives on Human Development; Read Chapter 2, pp. 38-71
September 15 -What assumptions underlie the major developmental theories?
-What is the psychoanalytic view of human development?
-What is the behaviorist view of human development?
Due: -Commentary posting for Chapter 2
September 17 -What is the cognitive-developmental view of thinking?
-What is the ethological view of human development?
-What is the ecological systems view of human development?
Due: -Posting of Developmental Issue Preliminary Bibliography
Hereditary Influences on Development; Read Chapter 3, pp. 72-109
September 21 -What is determined by a person’s genetic code?
-What ethical considerations are involved in genetic research, counseling, and treatment?
-How strong are hereditary influences on personality, behavior, and intelligence?
-How do nature (hereditary influences) and nurture (environmental influences) together affect development?
Due: -Commentary posting for Chapter 3
Prenatal Development, Birth and Newborns’ Readiness for Life; Read Chapter 4, pp. 110-150
September 23 -What is normal prenatal development?
-What cautions and concerns are important for dealing with teratogens including normal diseases, HIV/AIDS and other STDs, alcohol, drugs both common and illicit, environmental hazards, and maternal characteristics?
Due: -Commentary posting for Chapter 4
September 27 -What childbirthing options are available and why are they chosen?
-What is SIDS and what can be done about it?
Due: -Posting of Developmental Issue Outline
The Physical Self: Development of the Brain, the Body, and Motor Skills; Read Chapter 5, pp. 151-188
September 29 -How does brain development relate to how and what children and adolescents learn and think about?
Due: -Commentary posting for Chapter 5
October 1 -How do eating disorders, teenage pregnancy, issues of sexual orientation, AIDS and other STDs become significant developmental concerns with the onset of puberty?
Due: -2 copies from each person of Developmental Issue Paper
Creating a PowerPoint Presentation
October 5 Class meets in the Quad IT Services Classroom
Early Cognitive Foundations: Sensation, Perception and Learning; Read Chapter 6, pp. 189-227
October 7 -How do infants and young children learn and understand?
-What are the implications for how infants and young children learn?
Due : -Commentary posting for Chapter 6
-Peer Reviews of Developmental Issue Paper
Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Viewpoint; Read Chapter 7, pp. 228-269
October 12 -What is Piaget’s understanding of cognitive development?
Due: Commentary Posting for Chapter 7
October 14 -How does Vygotsky’s sociocultural perspective differ from Piaget’s understanding of cognitive development?
Due: Developmental Issue Paper (including all review drafts and checklists)
Cognitive Development: Information-Processing Perspectives; Read Chapter 8, pp. 271-311
October 18 -How does information-processing change with as children and adolescents develop?
-What is ADD/ADHD, where does it come from, and what should be done about it?
Due: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 8
October 20 -How can memory be improved?
-What are educational implications of memory research?
Service-Learning Processing
October 22 -What is working and what is not working with the Service-Learning Projects?
-What is being learned through the Service-Learning Projects?
Intelligence: Measuring Mental Performance; Read Chapter 9, pp. 312-350
October 26 -What are the various views of intelligence?
-How and why is intelligence measured?
Due: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 9
October 28 -How much of intelligence is related to heredity and how much to environment?
-Why are there social class, racial, and ethnic differences in IQ?
November 1 -Is compensatory and/or special education programs worthwhile?
-How do children/adolescents develop special talents or high levels of creativity?
Development of Language and Communication Skills; Read Chapter 10, pp. 351-390
November 3 -How do children learn to speak?
-What developmental concerns should be addressed for children/adolescents in American schools whose native language is not standard English?
Due: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 10
Emotional Development and the Establishment of Intimate Relationships; Read Chapter 11, pp. 391-432
November 5 -What factors relate to the emotional development of children?
-What is the role of emotional attachment and how do infants become attached?
Due: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 11
November 9 -What are the causes and consequences of infants not developing attachments?
-Do children/adolescents need both fathers and mothers?
Development of the Self and Social Cognition
November 11 -What factors are related to self-esteem and adolescent suicide?
-Why do some children develop self-control and some not?
Due: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 12
November 15 -What factors are related to achievement motivation and the academic self-concept of children and adolescents?
-How do adolescents develop their personal sense of identity?
Sex Differences and Gender-Role Development; Read Chapter 13, pp. 472-507
November 17 -What is real about sex differences and what are the implications for child/adolescent development?
-How do gender stereotypes affect child/adolescent development?
Due: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 13
November 19 -How do children and adolescents develop their gender identity?
-How does sexual orientation develop?
Aggression, Altruism, and Moral Development; Read Chapter 14, pp. 508-556
November 23 -What are the causes of antisocial/aggressive behavior in children/adolescents and what can be done about it?
-How do children/adolescents become altruistic and develop pro-social behavior?
Due 11/23: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 14
November 30 -How do the various theories explain moral development?
-How does parental discipline style relate to the moral development of children?
The Family; Read Chapter 15, pp. 557-596
December 2 -How does parenting style relate to developmental outcomes?
-What developmental concerns are raised in diverse family systems (a) (i.e., children/adolescents who live with family conflict, divorce , single parent families, and/or re-married parents)
Due: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 15
December 6 -What developmental concerns are raised in diverse family systems (b) (i.e., children/adolescents who are adopted, or who have gay or lesbian parents)
-What is child abuse and what can be done about it?
Extrafamilial Influences: Television, Computers, Schools, and Peers; Read Chapter 16, pp. 597-641
December 8 -How does television form and mis-form children and adolescents?
-How are computers impacting child and adolescent development?
Due: -Commentary Posting for Chapter 16
December 10 -How well do schools meet the diverse needs of children and adolescents?
-How do peer relationships influence development as children/adolescents are accepted, neglected, or rejected?
December 16 Final Exam for Period III (11:20) class meets 5:00-7:00 p.m.
December 17 Final Exam for Period IV (1:00) class meets 2:00-4:00 p.m.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A partial list of sources used in developing the course content for The Developing Person (EDUC 200):
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Brown, B. B. (1990). Peer groups and peer cultures. In S. S. Feldman & G. R. Elliott (Eds.), At the threshold: the developing adolescent . Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
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