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| Size | 25 - 40 um | |
| Shape | suboblate to spheroidal | |
| Exine | 1 - 1.2 um thick | |
| Intine | 1 - 1.6 um thick | |
| Pores | 3 - 10 porate, oncus formed beneath pores | |
| Sculpting | scabrate rugulate | |
| Bloom Period | stricktly spring, usually April and May | |
| Allergenicity | a small number of patients react to hackberry, eliciting, on average, a moderate response |
Thumbnails:
Dr. M. Davis images:
Hackberry
References:
Bassett, John, Clifford Crompton and John Parmelee. An Atlas of Airborne Pollen Grains and Common Fungus Spores of Canada. Canada Department of Agriculture, 1978.
Jelks, Mary, M.D. Allergy Plants that Cause Sneezing and Wheezing. World Wide Printing, Tampa, 1986.
Kapp, Ronald O. Pollen and Spores, Second Edition. The American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, 2000.
Lewis, Walter H., Prathibha Vinay and Vincent E. Zenger. Airborne and Allergenic Pollen of North America. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1983.
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