1 |
Acetic Acid |
|
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
TLV 10 ppm; concentrate very corrosive; ingestion may be fatal; may cause chronic bronchitis; vinegar is 2-3% acetic acid |
2 |
Ammonia |
|
Moderately toxic to highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
TLV 25 ppm; household ammonia is 5-10% ammonia; skin contact can cause burns; high concentrations can cause chemical pneumonia; mixing w/alkalis releases ammonia gas; mixing w/chlorine bleach forms poison gas |
3 |
Ammonium Chloride |
|
Slightly toxic |
Slightly toxic |
Not significantly toxic |
TLV 10 mg/m3; if heated, it decomposes to hydrogen chloride, ammonia, which are strong respiratory irritants |
4 |
Ammonium Nitrate |
|
Moderately toxic |
Slightly toxic |
Not significantly toxic |
Very powerful oxidizing agent, which can react explosively w/solvents, organic materials, acids |
5 |
Ammonium Sulfate |
|
Slightly toxic |
Slightly toxic |
Slightly toxic |
If heated, it decomposes to form irritating ammonia and sulfur oxides |
6 |
Ammonium Sulfide |
|
Extremely toxic |
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Releases extremely toxic hydrogen sulfide gas; if heated/treated w/acid, it decomposes to form ammonia, hydrogen sulfide gas; hydrogen sulfide can also form in stomach due to reaction w/stomach acid, if ingested |
7 |
Arsenic Oxide |
|
Extremely toxic |
Extremely toxic |
Highly toxic |
PEL 0.01 mg/m3, NIOSH C 0.002 mg/m3; known carcinogen; acute ingestion may be fatal; reaction w/acid forms poisonous arsine gas; causes skin irritation, cancer, kidney & liver damage; nervous system damage; DO NOT USE |
8 |
Barium Sulfide |
|
Extremely toxic |
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
TLV 0.5 mg/m3; may cause skin/eye/nose/throat irritation, intestinal spasms, heart irregularities, muscle pain; releases extremely hydrogen sulfide gas; reacts w/acid to form hydrogen sulfide (can react w/stomach acid, if ingested) |
9 |
Chromium VI Compounds |
Chromium trioxide, potassium dichromate |
Highly toxic to extremely toxic |
Highly toxic to extremely toxic |
Highly toxic |
TLV 0.05 mg/m3, NIOSH 0.001 mg/m3; known carcinogen; strong oxidizing agents; corrosive; may cause irritation, ulcer, allergies, cancer, gastroenteritis, circulatory collapse, kidney damage; DO NOT USE |
10 |
Copper Compounds |
Copper sulfate, copper carbonate, copper chloride, copper nitrate |
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Slightly toxic |
TLV 1 mg/m3, PEL 0.1 mg/m3; may cause irritation, ulcer, congestion, metal fume fever, gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting |
11 |
Ferric Chloride |
Iron perchloride |
Moderately toxic |
Slightly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Powder; forms hydrochloric acid in solution; ingestion of large amounts. by children could cause iron poisoning; heating releases highly toxic hydrogen chloride gas, which causes lung irritation, pulmonary edema |
12 |
Hydrochloric Acid |
Muriatic acid |
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
Concentrates highly corrosive; causes severe stomach damage, lung irritation; possible chronic bronchitis; diluted acid less haz., but still causes skin/eye irritation; vapors highly toxic if inhaled |
13 |
Hydrogen Peroxide (Concentrated) |
|
Highly toxic |
Slightly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
TLV 1 ppm; corrosive to skin, eyes, gastrointestinal system, strong oxidizing agent; dilute solutions not considered haz.; may react w/ flammable liquids, combustible materials, some metal salts |
14 |
Iodine |
|
Extremely toxic |
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
TLV-C 0.1 ppm; corrosive; skin contact may cause hypersensitivity and burns; oxidizing agent; inhalation causes severe respiratory irritation similar to chlorine gas, but at room temperature, not much of a problem because of low volatility; may be fatal |
15 |
Lead Acetate |
|
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
Not significantly toxic |
PEL 0.05 mg/m3; probable carcinogen, mutagen, developmental toxicant; may cause lead poisoning, causing lead colic, anemia, weakening of joints, headaches, irritability, malaise, pain in joints, kidney damage, birth defects; DO NOT USE |
16 |
Liver of Sulfur (see Potassium Sulfide) |
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
Nitric Acid |
|
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
TLV 2 ppm; concentrate highly corrosive; strong oxidizer; reacts w/copper & alloys to form highly toxic nitrogen dioxide gas; can cause severe stomach damage, skin, eye irritation, emphysema |
18 |
Oxalic Acid |
|
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Highly toxic |
TLV 1 mg/m3; powder and solutions corrosive to skin, eyes, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system; causes kidney damage, gangrene of extremities, gastroenteritis |
19 |
Platinum Chloride |
|
Unknown |
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
TLV 0.002 mg/m3; causes skin allergies, nasal allergies, asthma, lung scarring, emphysema; people w/red or light hair and fine-textured skin most susceptible |
20 |
Potassium Chlorate |
|
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Strong oxidizing agent used in pyrotechnics; skin, eye, respiratory irritant; ingestion causes gastritis, methemoglobinemia, kidney damage; DO NOT USE |
21 |
Potassium Ferricyanide |
|
Moderately toxic |
Slightly toxic |
Slightly toxic |
When heated strongly, treated w/acid, or exposed to uv radiation, decomposes to form poisonous hydrogen cyanide gas |
22 |
Potassium Sulfide |
Potassium polysulfide, liver of sulfur |
Extremely toxic |
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
Reaction involves release of extremely toxic hydrogen sulfide gas; if heated/treated w/acid, it decomposes to form hydrogen sulfide gas; can also happen in stomach due to reaction w/stomach acid, if ingested |
23 |
Sodium Hydroxide |
Lye |
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
TLV-C 2 mg/m3; highly corrosive; ingestion can cause severe pain and damage to mouth and esophagus, and can be fatal; inhalation can cause chemical pneumonia; dilute alkaline solutions more corrosive than dilute acid solutions |
24 |
Sodium Thiosulfate |
|
Moderately toxic |
Highly toxic |
Not significantly toxic |
Ingestion can cause purging; reacting w/acid or heating causes decomposition to sulfur dioxide; aqueous solutions also decompose to form sulfur dioxide; chronic inhalation causes bronchitis; asthmatics especially sensitive to sulfur dioxide |
25 |
Zinc Chloride |
|
Highly toxic |
Highly toxic |
Moderately toxic |
TLV 1 mg/m3; corrosive to skin, eyes, stomach; inhalation of fumes from heating highly irritating to respiratory system and may cause bronchitis/pulmonary edema |